Аэроионы и среда обитания человека

Conformity to hygienic air ion formula of working offices, classrooms and chemistry laboratory in which the work with volatile organic solvents are conducted, as well as to a city apartment and a country house is investigated. Concentration of air ions was measured using the counter «Sapphire 3М». Parameters of the air ionization: concentration of ions of both charges (N and N-, ions/cm3) and unipolarity coefficient (K = N/N-) were evaluated. The quantity of air ions did not correspond to sanitary and hygienic standards in all areas except of a country house. Additional artificial air ionization and ventilation in classrooms and chemistry laboratories offered to use.Исследовано соответствие санитарно-гигиеническим нормам аэроионного состава воздуха рабочих кабинетов, учебных аудиторий и химической лаборатории, в которой проводятся работы с летучими органическими растворителями, а также городской квартиры и загородного дома. Для измерения концентрации аэроионов использовали счетчик «Сапфир 3М». В ходе эксперимента оценивали параметры ионизации воздуха: концентрацию аэроионов обоих зарядов (N+ и N-, ионов/см3) и коэффициент униполярности (К = N+/N-). За исключением загородного дома, во всех помещениях количество аэроионов не соответствовало нормативным требованиям (СанПиН-2003). Предложено использование дополнительной искусственной ионизации воздуха и принудительной вентиляции в аудиториях и химических лабораториях

MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved

Создание обогащенных цинком лекарственных и пищевых растений

Objective. To develop the basics of technology for obtaining new elements modified plant products that can be used for hypo-elementoses correction. Materials and methods. Water samples: deionized highohmic water (BD, D/H=140 ppm); deuterium depleted water (DDW, D/H=12 ppm); medicinal and nonoficinal plants (leaves and seeds). Atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization and Zeeman effect; Xray fluorescence energy dispersive spectrometr; Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering, LALLS); Spirotox-test equipment. OriginPro®9, OriginLab Corporation, USA. Results. For the first time, the integrated approach was used to develop the technology fundamentals for plant accumulation by essential microelements. The approach includes isotopic control of plant development; new laser methods for quality control of water solutions for plants irrigation and hydroponics; the methods for the control of microelements enrichment of plant materials; online control of biotoxicity (Spirotox test) of the original plant materials and modified plants. For example, it has been demonstrated the ability to create zinc (II) modified plants with a high content of essential trace elements, up to 1.4 mg / g dry weight, which corresponds to zinc content increase by three orders of magnitude. Conclusion. Plant materials enriched with essential microelements can be recommended as the objects for the creation of the medicinal products that do not cause undesirable side effects, in contrast to the synthetic preparations used for the correction of hypo-elementoses.Показано, что снижение содержания тяжелых изотопов водорода (D) и кислорода (17O, 18O) в воде сопровождается изменением метаболических процессов в растительных и животных организмах, что объясняется изотопным кинетическим эффектом. Это явление положено в основу технологии накопления микроэлементов в лекарственных и неофицинальных растениях, используемых для мягкой коррекции гипоэлементозов. Новая технология включает изотопное управление развитием растения; новые лазерные методы сквозного контроля качества водных растворов солей эссенциальных микроэлементов для полива и гидропоники растений; комплекс методов контроля обогащения растительного сырья микроэлементом; онлайн-контроль биоактивности растительного сырья и продуктов, изготавливаемых из него

Особенности экспресс-определения микроэлементов в лекарственных и неофицинальных растениях

Introduction. The chemical composition of plants depends on the elemental composition of the habitat, and also reflects the species and individual characteristics of the plant. Before using any plant for medicinal purposes, it is also necessary to collect as much information as possible about the elemental composition of the feedstock.Aim. Consequently, it became possible to create a method for the rapid determination of trace elements in plants using the X-Ray fluorescent method.Materials and methods. In accordance with the international intercalibration standard in the IAEA system (IAEA-433), an international standard sample NIST SRM 2976, certified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), was used to provide external quality control (QA/QC) of laboratory elemental analysis. For Zn the results of plant raw powder materials analysis by XRF (express analysis) were compared with AAS by electrothermal atomization and Zeeman background correction after microwave acid mineralizationof biomaterials. To ensure the reproducibility of the results of XRF-express analysis, it is absolutely necessary to carry out mild drying and dispersion of the plant material.Results and discussion. The results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the elemental composition of the fruits (fructus Anethi graveolens L.), the seeds (semina Cucurbitae pepo L., semina Menthae arvensis L., semina Cucumis sativa L., semina Kalanchoës daigremontianae) and leaves (folia Callisiae fragrantis L.) of medicinal and nonoficinal plants are presented in the article. The methods of XRF and AAS analysis have been developed for the technology of essential micoelements enrichment in of Callisiae fragrantis control leaves at different ratios of hydrogen isotopologues (D/H) in the water.Conclusion. For example, zinc(II) has demonstrated the ability to create modified plants with high content of essential microelement, up to 1.4 mg /g dry weight.Введение. Химический состав растений зависит от элементного состава среды обитания, а также отражает видовые и индивидуальные особенности растения. Перед использованием любого растения в лечебных целях, необходимо также собрать как можно более полную информацию об элементном составе исходного сырья.Цель. Следовательно, возникла возможность создания методики экспресс-определения микроэлементов в растениях методом рентгено-флуоресцентной спектрометрии.Материалы и методы. В соответствии с положением международной интеркалибрации в системе МАГАТЭ (IAEA-433) для обеспечения внешнего контроля качества (QA/QC) лабораторного элементного анализа использовали международный стандартный образец NIST SRM 2976, аттестованный Национальным институтом стандартов и технологий (США). Для цинка проведено сличение результатов анализа растительного сырья методами РФА (экспресс-анализ) и ААС с электротермической атомизацией и зеемановской коррекцией фона после микроволновой кислотной минерализации биоматериала. Для обеспечения воспроизводимости результатов РФА критически необходимо мягкое высушивание и диспергирование растительного сырья.Результаты и их обсуждение. Представлены результаты рентгено-флуоресцентного анализа (РФА) элементного состава плодов (fructus Anethi graveolentis L.), семян (semina Cucurbitae pepo L., semina Menthae arvensis L., semina Cucumis sativa L., semina Kalanchoës daigremontianae) и листьев (folia Callisiae fragrantis L.) лекарственных и неофицинальных растений. Разработанные методики РФА и ААС анализа применены для контроля технологии обогащения листьев каллизии душистой соединениями цинка при различном изотопном составе водных растворов.Заключение. Показана возможность создания металл-модифицированных растений с содержанием цинка 1,4 мг/г сухой массы

Elemental analysis of the medicinal leech

We provide here the first report of the multielement analysis of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. Preparation of biological samples for analysis is described and the results of estimation of more than 60 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy are presented. The s, p, d, and f elements detected are classified in terms of macro, trace, and ultratrace content levels. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Elemental analysis of the medicinal leech

We provide here the first report of the multielement analysis of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. Preparation of biological samples for analysis is described and the results of estimation of more than 60 elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy are presented. The s, p, d, and f elements detected are classified in terms of macro, trace, and ultratrace content levels. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Factor analysis methods for assessment of the identity of samples of multicomponent mixtures

A method for the mathematical interpretation of results of analysis of multicomponent mixtures for confirmation of identity is described. Multicomponent samples of medicines and narcotics were used as example model systems. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

The influence of deuterium on the properties of pharmaceutical substances (Review)

Introduction. The study discusses the hydrogen isotope2 H effect on the biological activity of pharmaceutical substances. Text. Two aspects of the deuterium effect on the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients are considered. The first one involves the use of deuterated substances, new compounds or substituted counterparts. Replacing protium with deuterium is used to reduce the rate of biotransformation. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE), expressed in a decrease in the rate of biotransformation as a result of deuteration, allows us to predict the rapid development of new directions in the development of pharmaceuticals. With the same therapeutic effect, an improvement in pharmacokinetic characteristics, a decrease in toxicity, a blocking of the epimerization of optically active substances, a change in the mechanisms of action are observed. The second aspect of the deuterium effect is associated with an increase in KIE of known pharmaceutical substances in aqueous solutions with a deuterium/protium ratio (D/H) lower than in natural water. For the first time, dose-response diagrams for deuterium demonstrate identity with essential microelements. There is a safety zone for the certain D/H relationship, beyond which the organism's vitality decreases. Improved kinetic characteristics are demonstrated for molecular level and for biological objects of various hierarchical levels. In particular, they include the possibility of increasing the dissolution rate of substances, the influence on the processes of mutarotation and the optical activity of chiral substances, the degree of accumulation of necessary elements in medicinal plants, and other processes. Conclusion. The results make it possible to predict the mechanisms of deuterium influence on the biochemical transformations of pharmaceutical substances in the body. © Syroeshkin A. V., Elizarova T E., Pleteneva T. V., Uspenskaya E. V., Levitskaya O. V., Zlatskiy I. A., Maksimova T. V., 2020

Reaction of an Antioxidant (Sodium Sulfite) with 3-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-2-Ethylpyridinium Salts

The reaction of an antioxidant excipient (sodium sulfite) with 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-ethylpyridinium hydrochloride drug substance was studied using thermal analysis of the solid drug substances and biological testing on cell culture (Spirotox model) in aqueous solutions of various isotopic compositions. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York